Yellow phantom tetra
Hyphessobrycon roseus
Hyphessobrycon roseus is a tiny little phantom-type tetra from the Maroni and Oyapock river basins in the Guianas, and it looks awesome in a planted tank where the yellow-gold body and that dark shoulder spot really pop. Keep a nice group and they settle in fast, cruise the midwater together, and the males do those fun little display spats that stay pretty harmless.
The Yellow phantom tetra has a slender body with a translucent yellow hue and distinctive dark markings near the base of its dorsal fin.
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Quick Facts
Size
1.9 cm SL
Temperament
Peaceful
Difficulty
Intermediate
Min Tank Size
15 gallons
Lifespan
3-5 years
Origin
South America
Diet
Omnivore - quality flakes/micro-pellets plus small frozen/live foods (daphnia, brine shrimp, bloodworms)
Care Notes
- Keep them in a proper group (8-12+) or they get jumpy and you will see more fin-nipping and hiding. A 20 gallon long is a nice starting point for a school.
- They look best in a planted tank with some cover (wood, leaf litter, or thick stem plants) plus open swimming space. Use a dark substrate if you want the yellow to pop.
- Aim for soft to medium water and slightly acidic to neutral pH (about 6.0-7.2), with temps around 74-80F. They are way less skittish when nitrates stay low, so stay on top of water changes.
- They are small-mouthed and do best on tiny foods: micro pellets, crushed flakes, and lots of frozen/live stuff like daphnia, baby brine, and cyclops. Feed small amounts 1-2 times a day - they will beg, but they bloat if you overdo it.
- Good tankmates are other calm small fish: corydoras, small rasboras, otos, and peaceful dwarf cichlids. Skip long-finned fish (bettas, fancy guppies) and pushy nippers like serpae tetras.
- They can jump when spooked, especially in a new tank, so keep a lid on and avoid blasting them with sudden light changes. Give them a week or two to settle and their color usually ramps up.
- If you try breeding, set up a separate tank with a mesh/marbles and fine-leaved plants, then pull the adults after spawning because they will eat the eggs. Dim light helps and the fry need infusoria-type food first, then baby brine once they are big enough.
Compatibility
Good Tankmates
- Other small, chill schooling tetras (ember tetra, black neon, glowlight). Yellow phantoms are peaceful but way more confident in a group, and they look best with other calm midwater schools.
- Corydoras catfish (panda, sterbai, bronze). Perfect vibe match - they stick to the bottom, dont bother anybody, and the tetras ignore them in the best way.
- Small rasboras (harlequin, chili, lambchop). Similar temperament and speed, so you dont get that constant chasey stress in the middle of the tank.
- Otocinclus. Great little algae crew that stays out of the tetra business - just make sure the tank is mature and theres enough biofilm/veg for them.
- Dwarf cichlids that are actually community-friendly (apistogramma, bolivian ram) in a planted tank with hiding spots. Usually fine because the tetras keep to midwater, just dont crowd the cichlid territory.
- Honey gourami or other calm gourami types. Theyre slow and peaceful, and in my experience yellow phantoms dont obsessively nip if the tetra school is a good size and the tank isnt cramped.
Avoid
- Fin-nippers and hyper fish like tiger barbs or serpae tetras. They turn the whole tank into a mosh pit and your yellow phantoms will either get harassed or start acting spicy back.
- Big, snack-minded fish (angelfish once grown, larger gouramis, most larger cichlids). Anything that can fit a tetra in its mouth will eventually test that theory, especially at feeding time or lights out.
- Fast, nippy livebearers like some swordtails or guppies in a cramped setup. The constant darting and fin action can stress the tetras, and sometimes the tetras get blamed when the real issue is chaos and crowding.
Where they come from
Yellow phantom tetras (Hyphessobrycon roseus) are little South American characins that come from slow, plant-choked waters where the light is usually dim and the bottom is covered in leaf litter. Think tea-colored streams and flooded forest edges rather than bright, open water.
That background matters because they look and act way more confident in a tank that feels shaded and broken-up, not a bare glass box with a spotlight.
Setting up their tank
A school of these is a "vibes" fish. Give them cover, soft flow, and room to cruise, and you will see the best color and the classic phantom tetra posturing without it turning into real bullying.
- Tank size: I would start at 20 gallons long for a proper group. Bigger is easier because you can spread out the pecking order.
- Group size: 8-12 is the sweet spot. Six works, but they are bolder and calmer in a bigger school.
- Layout: plants around the edges, open swimming space through the middle, and a few pieces of wood or branchy hardscape to break lines of sight.
- Substrate: darker sand or fine gravel makes their colors pop and keeps them less jumpy.
- Lighting: moderate to low. Floating plants help a lot if your light is strong.
- Flow: gentle to moderate. They do not love being blasted around.
If your fish are always hiding or look washed out, it is usually the tank being too bright and too open. Add floaters, more plants/wood, and drop the intensity a notch.
Water-wise, they are pretty forgiving once settled, but they are not the hardiest fish during the first couple weeks. I keep them in the mid-70s F (around 24 C) and avoid big swings. Clean, stable water beats chasing a perfect number.
They do not handle "new tank weirdness" well. Put them in a mature, cycled tank, not something that is still finding its balance.
What to feed them
They are easy to feed, but they color up and fill out way better with variety. In my tanks, they stay sleeker (and the males look sharper) when they get small meaty foods regularly.
- Staple: a good quality micro pellet or small flake
- Frozen: daphnia, baby brine shrimp, cyclops, chopped bloodworms (not every day)
- Live (if you do it): baby brine shrimp, grindal worms, daphnia
- Plant-ish add-on: a little spirulina flake now and then keeps things moving
Feed small amounts twice a day instead of one big dump. They are fast, but shy fish in the group can get outcompeted if the food only hits the surface for 10 seconds.
How they behave and who they get along with
Yellow phantoms are classic schooling tetras with a little extra personality. Males will square off and "flash" at each other, especially if you have a nice group and a few territories formed by plants and wood. Most of the time it is harmless showing off.
They are generally peaceful, but they can get nippy if you keep too few, keep them in a cramped tank, or pair them with slow fish with long fins.
- Good tankmates: other peaceful tetras, rasboras, pencilfish, corydoras, small peaceful plecos, otos, calm dwarf cichlids (like apistos) in the right setup
- Use caution: guppies and fancy long-finned fish, slow gouramis with long feelers, angelfish in smaller tanks (both fin issues and snack risk)
- Shrimp: adults can be fine in a planted tank, but expect baby shrimp to disappear
If you see fin nips, the fix is usually more fish (bigger school), more cover, and more space. Rearranging decor to break up sightlines can calm the "boss" male down fast.
Breeding tips
They are egg scatterers. You can get lucky in a heavily planted tank, but if you actually want fry, a simple breeding setup makes life way easier because the adults will absolutely eat the eggs.
- Breeding tank: 10 gallons, sponge filter, heater, dim light
- Spawning media: a thick clump of java moss, spawning mop, or a mesh/egg crate barrier so eggs fall out of reach
- Conditioning: feed frozen/live foods for a week or two
- Pair or trio: 1 male with 1-2 females (a fuller-bodied female is the giveaway)
- After spawning: pull the adults the same day
Keep the breeding tank fairly dim. In brighter setups I have had more fungus on eggs and fewer fry make it.
Fry are tiny at first. Plan on infusoria or a commercial fry food powder for the first days, then graduate to baby brine shrimp once they can take it. Clean water matters here more than anything, but keep the filter gentle.
Common problems to watch for
Most issues I have seen with yellow phantoms come down to shipping stress, unstable tanks, or social stress from keeping too few.
- Ich and other stress parasites: often shows up soon after purchase. Quarantine if you can, and do not add them to a tank that is already borderline.
- Fin nipping: usually a schooling/space problem, not a "bad fish" problem.
- Washed-out color and hiding: too bright, too bare, or too much aggressive activity around them.
- Wasting away: can be internal parasites or just chronic stress and underfeeding in a busy community.
- Sudden losses: ammonia/nitrite spikes or big temperature swings hit them hard.
Do not judge them on day one. A newly imported group can look pale and act skittish for a week. If the tank is stable and they are eating, they usually settle in and look like different fish.
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