Chocolate-colored catfish
Rineloricaria lanceolata
The Chocolate-colored catfish features a slender, elongated body with dark brown to chocolate hues, complemented by fine, bristle-like barbels.
This page includes AI-generated images. Why am I seeing AI images?
About the Chocolate-colored catfish
This is a slim little whiptail (a Loricariid) that spends most of its time gliding over sand and leaves, picking at biofilm like a tiny vacuum cleaner. Give it driftwood, caves, and calm tankmates and it turns into a super chill, sneaky-bottom-dweller with that awesome long whip tail and high dorsal fin.
Also known as
Quick Facts
Size
12.3 cm
Temperament
Peaceful
Difficulty
Intermediate
Min Tank Size
20 gallons
Lifespan
8-12 years
Origin
South America
Diet
Omnivore - biofilm/algae wafers, sinking pellets, blanched veggies, plus occasional frozen/live small inverts
Care Notes
- Give them real floor space and flow - a 20 long is a better starter than a tall tank, with sand or smooth fine gravel so they do not grind up their belly and fins.
- They chill under wood and rocks all day, so pack in driftwood, caves, and leaf litter; they get way bolder once they have multiple hideouts.
- Keep the water in the middle range: about 74-80F, pH 6.5-7.6, and low-ish nitrates (try to stay under ~20 ppm) or you will see them get skinny and lethargic.
- Feed after lights out - sinking wafers, Repashy-style gel foods, and frozen bloodworms or brine; they are not a pure algae crew and will starve if you just hope they graze.
- Tankmates: peaceful community fish are fine (tetras, rasboras, corys), but skip fin-nippers and big pushy cichlids that will harass them and steal all the food.
- Watch for bloat and pinched bellies from underfeeding or too much dry food - mix in frozen foods and do smaller portions more often.
- Breeding is fun if you add a few tight caves or short lengths of PVC - the male guards the eggs, so do not keep rearranging the tank once a pair picks a spot.
Compatibility
Good Tankmates
- Small, chill tetras (neons, rummynose, lemons) - they stay midwater and ignore the catfish, and the Rineloricaria just cruises the bottom doing its own thing
- Corydoras groups - peaceful bottom buddies that usually share space fine as long as the tank footprint is decent and you have more than one hiding spot
- Small rasboras and danios (harlequins, lambchops, celestial pearls, zebra danios) - active but not mean, and they do not compete much for the same food if you drop in sinking stuff after lights out
- Dwarf cichlids that are on the calm side (Apistogramma, Bolivian ram) - works when you give caves and keep breeding drama in check, because the catfish is not looking for trouble
- Other gentle bottom fish like Otocinclus - similar vibe, just make sure there is enough biofilm/veg and you supplement with wafers or blanched veg
- Peaceful livebearers (platies, mollies, guppies) - generally fine, just keep up with feeding so the catfish actually gets its share and does not get outcompeted
Avoid
- Big aggressive cichlids (oscars, convicts, green terrors) - they will hassle it and can chew on the long tail and fins, especially at night when the catfish is out
- Nippy fin-biters (tiger barbs, serpae tetras) - that long whippy tail is basically a snack to them, and the catfish will not really fight back
- Territorial bottom bruisers (most big plecos, some larger Synodontis) - too much competition for caves and food, and you can get constant shoving matches
Where they come from
Rineloricaria lanceolata is one of those South American "stick" or whiptail-type catfish that shows up from flowing river systems with lots of sand, leaf litter, and sunken wood. Mine always acted like a fish that expects current and clean water, not a stagnant puddle. The chocolate-brown look is a great camouflage for that whole driftwood-and-leaves vibe.
If you are used to chunky plecos, this one is different. Think slim, skittish, and more into browsing and perching than bulldozing decor.
Setting up their tank
Give them floor space and a layout they can "lean" on. They spend a lot of time on the substrate, on wood, or wedged under something with just the snout sticking out.
- Tank size: a 20 long works for one, but 30-40 gallons is a lot nicer if you want a small group
- Substrate: sand or very smooth fine gravel (sharp gravel can scrape them up)
- Hardscape: real driftwood and a couple of caves or tight hides (ceramic tubes, half coconut, rock overhangs)
- Flow and filtration: moderate flow and good biofiltration; they appreciate oxygenated water
- Plants: tough plants or plants tied to wood/rock (anubias, java fern); they will not usually uproot, but they do scoot around
I like adding at least one narrow cave or tube where only the whiptail fits. It cuts down on stress, and if you ever try breeding, the male will claim it.
Water numbers do not need to be extreme. Slightly acidic to neutral is fine, and mid-range tropical temps work well. What they react to more than a specific pH is dirty water and low oxygen. If your glass gets a dusty biofilm and your tank has a gentle current, they will be out more and look better.
What to feed them
They are not strict algae eaters. They will graze, but if you only count on algae, they slowly get skinny and you end up wondering why. Mine did best on a mix of sinking foods and fresh stuff.
- Staples: sinking wafers/pellets meant for catfish or bottom feeders
- Veggies: zucchini, cucumber, blanched spinach, green beans (remove leftovers the next day)
- Protein a couple times a week: frozen bloodworms, brine shrimp, daphnia, or a small pinch of quality frozen mix
- Natural grazing: driftwood and biofilm (still feed them, but this helps)
Watch their bellies. A healthy fish has a gently rounded belly, not a pinched-in look behind the head. In community tanks they can get outcompeted at feeding time, especially with fast tetras and greedy cories.
I usually feed after lights-out or right at dusk. They are bolder then, and you will actually see them come out and pick at food instead of waiting until everything is gone.
How they behave and who they get along with
Chocolate-colored catfish are pretty chill. They perch, scoot, and do little bursts of speed from hide to hide. The only real drama I have seen is mild shoving between males over a favorite cave.
- Good tankmates: small to medium peaceful fish like tetras, rasboras, hatchetfish, apistos (watch caves), peaceful barbs, and most dwarf cichlids if there are enough hides
- Also fine: corydoras (they share space well if the tank is not cramped)
- Avoid: fin-nippers, very boisterous cichlids, and big predatory fish that see slim catfish as snacks
- Shrimp: adults are usually left alone, but tiny shrimp can disappear in any community setup
If you keep more than one, give more hides than fish. That one change fixes 90% of the "why are they always stressed" problems.
Breeding tips
They can breed in aquariums, and the pattern is pretty classic whiptail: eggs laid in a cave or tight spot, then the male guards and fans them. You will get the best odds if the fish already feel settled and you have the right kind of caves.
- Use caves/tubes with one entrance and a snug fit (PVC sections work if you do not mind the look)
- Keep water clean and well-oxygenated; a little extra flow past the cave seems to help
- Condition with good food for a few weeks (wafers plus frozen foods and veggies)
- A cooler water change can act like a "rainy season" hint if they are already mature
If you spot a male parked in a cave for days and chasing others away, do not keep peeking and moving the cave. Let him do his job. Spooked males will abandon eggs.
Fry are small and need frequent tiny foods. If you get a hatch, think along the lines of powdered fry food, crushed flakes, baby brine shrimp, and plenty of biofilm on wood. A sponge filter is your friend here.
Common problems to watch for
- Starvation in busy community tanks: they look "fine" until they suddenly do not; target-feed after dark
- Scrapes and mouth damage: usually from sharp gravel, rough rocks, or getting pinned in a tight decor gap
- Low oxygen stress: hanging near the surface or acting extra skittish can mean you need more surface agitation
- Skinny disease from internal parasites: new imports can come in thin; quarantine and treat if they do not gain weight with good feeding
- Sensitivity to meds: like many catfish, they can react poorly to strong doses; go slow and research before dumping in treatments
The biggest mistake I see is treating them like "maintenance crew" instead of a real fish that needs dinner. Feed them intentionally and you will have a much tougher, more visible whiptail.
Similar Species
Other freshwater peaceful species you might be interested in.
Aboina barb
Enteromius aboinensis
Enteromius aboinensis (the Aboina barb) is a small West African barb with a clean black midline stripe and a little spot right at the base of the tail. It does best when you treat it like a proper schooling fish - keep a decent group and give it plants around the edges with open swimming room in the middle.
Ajuricaba tetra
Jupiaba ajuricaba
Jupiaba ajuricaba is a South American freshwater characin from the Amazon basin in Brazil (rio Negro, rio Solimões, and rio Tapajós basins). It reaches about 9.5 cm SL and is diagnosed by a narrow dark midlateral stripe, an elongated humeral spot, and an ocellated spot on the upper caudal-fin lobe. Wild specimens have been collected from blackwater forest streams and also oxbow-lake habitats.
Allen's river garfish
Zenarchopterus alleni
A poorly known freshwater halfbeak endemic to West Papua (Mamberamo River), described from a single specimen (~13 cm SL). Beyond basic habitat/occurrence, little is published about its ecology or aquarium suitability; assume it is a surface-oriented, jump-prone halfbeak only by analogy with related taxa.
Amapa tetra
Hyphessobrycon amapaensis
This is a tiny, super sleek little tetra with a clean red stripe down the side that really pops once its settled in. It does best in a planted, slightly tinted "creek-style" setup and looks way cooler when you keep a proper group so they school and flash that line together. If you can give it soft, slightly acidic water and a calm community, its an easy fish to fall for.
Amatlan chub
Yuriria amatlana
Yuriria amatlana (the Amatlan chub) is a little Mexican native minnow from the Ameca River basin. Its wild range is pretty limited and it is listed as Endangered, so its care info in the aquarium hobby is basically nonexistent and its availability is usually low. In the original species description, preserved fish show a dark lateral stripe with a darker patch on the caudal peduncle, and they can have tiny barbels at the mouth corners.
Andrica moenkhausia
Moenkhausia andrica
Moenkhausia andrica is a little Brazilian characin from the Tapajos system that tops out around 7 cm (about 2.8 inches) standard length. It has a neat netted (reticulated) scale pattern plus a dark spot on the caudal peduncle, and the really wild part is that mature females can have tiny fin hooklets too, which is usually a male-only thing in a lot of characins.
More to Explore
Discover more freshwater species.
Altipedunculata stone loach
Schistura altipedunculata
Schistura altipedunculata is one of those little stream loaches that wants clean, well-oxygenated water and a bunch of rock nooks to claim as home. It is a bottom-hugger that will spend its day scooting from crevice to crevice, and it tends to get a bit spicy with its own kind if you do not give it enough hiding spots.
American flagfish
Jordanella floridae
Jordanella floridae is that little Florida native with the red-and-cream striping that really does look like a tiny flag once a male colors up. They graze algae like champs (especially stringy/hair algae), but they have a bit of attitude - give them plants and space so the bossy behavior stays manageable. Bonus: the male guards the eggs and will actively fan them, which is pretty fun to watch.
Amur sculpin
Alpinocottus szanaga
This is a little coldwater sculpin from the Amur drainage - a bottom-hugging, rock-and-gravel fish that spends its day wedged under stones and darting out to grab food. Super cool behavior and attitude, but it is absolutely not a warm tropical community fish - it wants chilly, fast, oxygen-rich water and will bicker with other bottom fish.
Anhanga pygmy pencil catfish
Potamoglanis anhanga
This is a truly tiny Amazonian trichomycterid catfish - like 1.3 cm max - so it is more of a micro-predator oddball than a typical community catfish. It is the kind of fish that disappears into sand, leaf litter, and plant roots, and you will spend way more time setting up the right micro-habitat than you will actually seeing it.
Anitápolis livebearer
Jenynsia weitzmani
Jenynsia weitzmani is a freshwater anablepid livebearer endemic to southern Brazil (currently known only from the type locality near Anitápolis, Santa Catarina). Like other Jenynsia (onesided livebearers), reproduction involves lateralized mating morphology/behavior; aquarium care guidance is not well-documented for this species specifically.
Anteridorsal Homatula loach
Homatula anteridorsalis
This is a benthic Chinese stream loach from Yunnan that lives right down on the bottom in clear, flowing water over gravel and rocks. Think of it as a "river tank" fish - it wants current, oxygen, and lots of surfaces to poke around on for bits of food and algae.
Looking for other species?