Leptura cichlid

Leptura cichlid (Xenotilapia leptura) is a slim, medium Tanganyikan cichlid from the rocky shores of Lake Tanganyika. Adults top out around 11 cm TL. It is semi-aggressive, long-lived (about 8-12 years), and suits an intermediate keeper. In nature it cruises rock faces and grazes filamentous and unicellular algae. Females tend to school tightly while males stake out space. The species is a biparental mouthbrooder, with pairs taking turns holding the brood.

Origin and natural habitat

East Africa - Lake Tanganyika. X. leptura works the rocky shoreline, picking at algae on exposed surfaces. The lake is clear and alkaline, and you often see groups of females moving together while males defend small areas nearby.

Aquarium setup and water conditions

Give this species room. A minimum of 106 US gallons lets females school and males maintain some space without constant conflict. Build solid rock piles and broad faces where algae can grow, and break up lines of sight so fish can move out of view when tensions rise. Leave open lanes for cruising.

• Freshwater, stable and very clean
• Temperature 24-26 C
• pH 7.5-8.5
• Strong filtration and steady aeration
• Regular, moderate water changes that avoid sudden shifts

Diet and feeding

An herbivore that grazes filamentous and unicellular algae. In the aquarium, focus on algae-rich foods and frequent, modest feedings to mimic natural grazing.

• Spirulina-based flakes or small pellets
• Dried seaweed sheets clipped to rocks
• Naturally grown algae on hardscape

Behaviour and tankmates

Semi-aggressive with a social twist: females form tight schools, while males hold and display around small areas. Provide enough space and rock structure so subdominant fish can keep clear of disputes.

• Pair with calm Lake Tanganyika species that use different areas of the tank.
• Skip boisterous or predatory fish that will harass or outcompete them.
• Avoid crowding; more space means fewer territorial flare-ups.

Common problems and how to avoid them

• Diet mismatch: too much animal protein can lead to digestive issues. Stick to algae-based foods.
• Cramped quarters: insufficient space or sparse rockwork magnifies aggression. Use a large tank with visual breaks.
• Parameter swings: this species comes from stable, alkaline water. Keep pH 7.5-8.5 and 24-26 C without sudden changes.
• Dirty water: maintain strong filtration and a steady maintenance routine to keep waste and film algae in check while still allowing edible algae to grow on rocks.